Archives Display: Ade Bethune

Have you ever seen or heard of the works of Ade Bethune?  In honor of Pope Francis declaring 2016 a Holy Year of Mercy the archives are displaying a variety of artwork by Ade Bethune depicting the Seven Corporal Works of Mercy and Spiritual Works of Mercy.  Ade Bethune was a world-renowned liturgical artist and social activist. Ms. Bethune was especially talented at drawing Biblical scenes and saints.  Her drawings normally would tend to be ordinary people doing chores and performing acts of mercy.  Later on in her life Ade Bethune was asked to do pieces for churches such as creating crucifixes, statues, stained glass and designing churches.

The Seven Corporal Works of Mercy are:

1.       To feed the hungry

2.       Give drink to the thirsty

3.       Shelter the homeless

4.       Visit the sick

5.       Visit the prisoners

6.       Bury the dead

7.       Give alms to the poor
 




The display includes both cards and drawings depicting the Seven Corporal Works of Mercy and two drawings of Spiritual Works of Mercy.  There are also cards of St. Peter Claver, St. Margaret and St. Vincent de Paul.  Ade Bethune was responsible for creating all of the blocks that were used to create these images and carved some from wood, while others were made of metals such as zinc and copper.

Ms. Bethune also did many works with churches and stained glass windows.  The works currently on display are a hand drawing of St. Theresa and a depiction of the completed window.  The display also features her sketches for the Precious Blood Monastery in Brooklyn, New York which was done in the late 1930's.

For more information on the history of St. Catherine University, visit the Archives and Special Collections online or in person in Room 62 in the lower level of the Library; open Monday-Friday from 9:30-4:30

Adé Bethune Lecture Series Wrap-Up Luncheon

Thursday, December 4
11:30 a.m. - 1:30 p.m.
Coeur de Catherine 362

Did you attend the Adé Bethune: The Power of One Person exhibition or any of the accompanying lectures? Would you like to talk about what you saw and heard with others? Here's your chance!

You are invited to gather for lunch and a discussion of observations from the Adé Bethune lecture series. University Archivist and exhibition curator Deborah Kloiber will join the group. Please come prepared with a comment or question to share.

Cost for the luncheon is $20.00 per person. For more information or to register, please contact Ruth Brombach at rcbrombach@stkate.edu or 651-690-8665.

Adé Bethune Lecture Series: Dr. Judith Church Tydings Lecture

Adé Bethune in her later years

This week Dr. Judith Church Tydings, Ph.D., delivered the final lecture in the series on Adé Bethune, titled "Adé Bethune, Renaissance Woman: Creative Living and Aging." The lecture was part of Adé Bethune: The Power of One Person, a celebration of the centennial of Bethune's birth.

Tydings is an expert on women and aging. Her dissertation, “Old Yankee Women: Life Histories and Cultural Significance,” contains information about her experience living with Bethune. During her lecture, Tydings discussed her relationship with Bethune and her creative approach to aging.

In addition to being an active member of the community, Bethune was a pioneer in many fields, including liturgical design, graphic design and architectural criticism. Tydings listed Bethune's numerous accomplishments and stated that if she were alive today, her genius would be widely recognized. Tydings noted that Bethune is best known for her illustrations in The Catholic Worker, yet these drawings account for a relatively small percentage of her artistic output. Tydings suggested that Bethune ought to be recognized as a multi-media artist, not merely “The Catholic Worker artist.”

Tydings described her experiences living with Bethune during the final three summers of her life. She noted that despite the challenges brought about by the aging process, such as cataracts, Bethune worked ceaselessly until the end of her life. In her last years, she focused on building an intentional living community for the elderly called Harbor House in Newport, RI. Based on her belief that traditional nursing homes did not sufficiently meet people’s needs, Bethune designed Harbor House according to Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, which is a psychological theory that focuses on how people can achieve their full potential. Bethune's adaptation of Maslow's pyramid is shown below.

Adé Bethune's adaptation of Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs

St. Kate’s Alumna Apprenticed with Adé Bethune

Icon of the Mother of God and Christ the Teacher,
designed by Adé Bethune.

St. Kate’s alumna Martha Greenwood Spaans, ’63, assisted Adé Bethune in creating the Icon of the Mother of God and Christ the Teacher, currently on display at the Catherine G. Murphy Gallery. Spaans spent the summer of 1964 working as an apprentice in Bethune’s Newport, RI home, where she set up a silkscreen shop in the basement. According to Spaans, “Adé showed me two large penciled icons she drew on white paper, one of Jesus and the other of the Madonna. She wanted to make them into large plaques for use in churches and chapels.

"I ordered clear birch boards to be cut to size for the plaques. I built drying racks so I could print one color at a time and all the boards would be drying in a convenient area close to where I was silk-screening. Adé and I got together at her big worktable upstairs and decided upon colors for the two icons. Adé watched for hours as I worked with her drawings and cut a stencil with an Exacto knife for each color on the icons.”

After the printing process was complete, Bethune sent Spaans to Boston to purchase gold leaf from her Russian gold dealer. Spaans applied the gold leaf to the halos and completed the icons, which were then sold through Bethune’s St. Leo Shop Bulletin. 

Bethune taught apprentices like Spaans throughout her career. She founded a workshop along with fellow Newport artists Graham Carey and John Howard Benson, which they cheekily called “John Stevens University.” Contrary to its name, John Stevens was not a university, but a working studio founded on the principle of quality craftsmanship. At John Stevens, students such as Spaans learned through hands-on apprenticeships with the artists. Bethune (whose childhood nickname was Lion) referred to the shared living and working area in her home as “Lion College” and dubbed her apprentices “cubs.”

Adé Bethune Lecture: Dr. Judith Church Tydings, Nov. 18, 6:30 pm

"Adé Bethune, Renaissance Woman: Creative Living and Aging"

Tuesday, November 18
6:30 pm
Visual Arts Building lecture hall

This will be the last in a series of lectures commemorating the centennial of liturgical artist, writer, and social activist Adé Bethune (1914-2002).

Harbor House designed by Adé Bethune.

Tydings will discuss how she knew and experienced Adé Bethune during the last 10 years of her very active life. She will explore how Bethune applied Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs to her life and to the design of the community housing for elders that she founded in her eighties, Harbor House in Newport, Rhode Island.

Tydings received her M.A. in History in 1959. She returned to graduate school in her sixties, earning a Ph.D. in American Studies from the University of Maryland in 2010. Her dissertation, "Old Yankee Women: Life Histories and Cultural Significance," contained a chapter on Adé Bethune. As part of her doctoral research on women and aging, Dr. Tydings lived with Bethune for a time during the final years of her life.

The lectures are presented in conjunction with the exhibition Adé Bethune: The Power of One Person at the Catherine G. Murphy Gallery through December 19, 2014. The exhibition draws from items in the University's Adé Bethune Collection and each speaker has used the Collection for their research.

Co–sponsors of the lecture series are: the Myser Initiative on Catholic Identity; Sisters of St. Joseph of Carondelet, St. Paul Province; Alumnae Council Lifelong Learning Committee and Friends of the Catherine G. Murphy Gallery.

For more information about the exhibition and lecture series see http://www.stkate.edu/gallery/14-15/ade_bethune.php

Adé Bethune and the Church of St. Paulinus

Two artworks from Adé Bethune’s first official commission as a liturgical artist are currently featured in the exhibits, Adé Bethune: The Power of One Person, on view at the Catherine G. Murphy Gallery and Wisdom Ways Center for Spirituality in the Carondelet Center. One of these works is a full-size cartoon for the church’s stained glass rose window, the other is a sketch of five saints, which were painted in the church sanctuary.

Bethune's sketches of saints for the Church of St. Paulinus

Bethune is highly regarded for her work as an illustrator, writer, activist, and liturgical artist. Throughout her career, she acted as a designer/consultant on nearly 300 churches all over the world. The first of these was the Church of St. Paulinus in Clairton, Pennsylvania.

In 1936, the church pastor, Father Joseph Lonergan, commissioned Bethune to create several works for the church. He had seen her illustrations depicting the Stations of the Cross, which were published in the March 1935 issue of The Catholic Worker. Father Lonergan had a strong interest in Neo-Gothic works, so Bethune was a natural choice for these commissions. Her sketches depicting five saints is reminiscent of traditional Russian icons, with their dark outlines, bold colors and the use of gold leaf.

Bethune’s sketch for the painted panels of saints for the Church of St. Paulinus is on display at the Carondelet Center through November 10. Her cartoon for the stained glass window at St. Paulinus is on view at the Catherine G. Murphy Gallery through December 19.

For more information, visit:
http://www.stkate.edu/gallery/14-15/ade_bethune.php

http://wisdomwayscenter.org/ade-bethune-the-power-of-one-person.html

This Week in St. Kate's History

On October 27, 1939, St. Kate’s newspaper, The Wheel, published an article about an emerging liturgical artist named Adé Bethune.  Bethune paid her first visit to St. Kate’s campus as part of the third annual Catholic Art Association convention on October 21, 1939. As noted in the article, Bethune delivered a lecture entitled “Personalism and the Industrial Counter-Revolution,” in which she stressed the value of hand-made items over mass produced pieces.

This year marks the 75th anniversary of Bethune’s first visit to St. Kate’s. While at the College of St. Catherine, Bethune developed friendships with several of the Sisters of St. Joseph of Carondelet, who were later instrumental in persuading Bethune to deposit her writings, artwork and other personal belongings in the archives at St. Kate's. In recognition of this connection, many of Bethune's works are currently on display at the Wisdom Ways Center for Spirituality in the CSJ Carondelet Center (through November 10). This is in addition to the exhibition at the Catherine G. Murphy Gallery on the St. Paul campus (through December 19).

To read the article about Adé Bethune's visit and the Catholic Art Association convention in its entirety, go to  St. Kate's Archives website and click on St. Kate’s Publications.

Adé Bethune Exhibit at Wisdom Ways

Second Station of the Cross by Adé Bethune

 An exhibit of Adé Bethune’s works will be on view at Wisdom Ways Center for Spirituality through November 10, 2014. In conjunction with the exhibit, Adé Bethune: The Power of One Person (on view at the Catherine G. Murphy Gallery through December 19th), this exhibit features items from St. Catherine University’s Adé Bethune Collection. 

Bethune was an important figure in the American Liturgical Movement. Items on display include her Works of Mercy, Stations of the Cross, and several stories she created for  Treasure Chest, a Catholic comic book created for young people. In addition to demonstrating Bethune’s depth and breadth as an artist, the artworks in the exhibit highlight her commitment to various aspects of liturgical reform.

Wisdom Ways Center for Spirituality is located in the Carondelet Center, 1890 Randolph Ave., St. Paul.

For more information, visit: http://wisdomwayscenter.org/ade-bethune-the-power-of-one-person.html

Adé Bethune Lecture Series: Rebecca Berru-Davis & Katharine E. Harmon

Last week, Dr. Rebecca Berru-Davis and Dr. Katharine E. Harmon delivered lectures as part of the Adé Bethune lecture series. They both discussed Bethune's role in the liturgical movement.

Instructions for an wheel calendar designed and sold by Bethune.

Dr. Rebecca Berru-Davis credits Bethune with making liturgical reform understandable and accessible to church-goers. According to Dr. Berru-Davis, one of Bethune’s chief tenets was that “liturgy, like art, resided in the community.” For this reason, she believed that the community should actively participate in the creation of their worship spaces. Berru-Davis discussed several examples of this from Bethune’s work as a liturgical designer, including her commissions at the Church of St. Paulinus in Clairton, PA and San Joachín in Bacalar, Mexico.

Dr. Katharine E. Harmon also discussed Bethune's penchant for getting the community involved in the creation of art works. She noted that for Bethune “…everyone was an artist. Therefore, everyone had a place in the creation of art, even amateurs.”

One of the primary goals of liturgical reform was the promotion of intelligent participation in the liturgy. Harmon suggested that the idea of promoting participation in the liturgy was not confined to the church but extended to all aspects of life, including the home. According to Harmon, items Bethune created and sold via her mail order catalog, the St. Leo Shop, such as advent calendars, encouraged active participation in the liturgy as well as social and familial interaction. In this way, Bethune’s legacy is unique because her work engaged people in the liturgy in different contexts -- both in church and at home.

Adé Bethune Lecture Series: Rebecca M. Berru-Davis and Katharine E. Harmon, October 9, 6:30 PM

Thursday, October 9

6:30 PM

Visual Arts Building lecture hall

This is the second in a series of lectures commemorating the centennial of liturgical artist, writer, and social activist Adé Bethune (1914-2002). Rebecca M. Berru-Davis and Katharine E. Harmon will each discuss different aspects of Bethune’s life and artistic legacy.

"Liturgical Design, Art, and Community: Adé Bethune’s Evolving Mission to Transform Church Space" 

Rebecca Berru-Davis, Ph.D.

Rebecca M. Berru–Davis, Ph.D., will examine the ways in which Bethune’s liturgical design projects reflected her vision of church, enhanced the experience of worship for the faithful, and coalesced to shape the larger Liturgical Movement.

Berru-Davis is currently the Louisville Institute Vocation of the Theological Educator Postdoctoral Fellow at St. John’s University in Collegeville, MN. She earned her doctorate in the area of Art and Religion at the Graduate Theological Union in Berkeley, California. Her ongoing research is focused primarily on women’s art created in places such as home and church and as far-reaching as the shantytowns of Lima, Peru, evidenced by the exhibit she curated called Picturing Paradise. 

"Work and Worship: Adé Bethune and the American Liturgical Movement"

Katharine E. Harmon, Ph.D., will discuss Adé Bethune’s contribution to and leadership in liturgical renewal in the United States in the years prior to the Second Vatican Council. Harmon will highlight how Bethune’s advocacy for the arts intersected with the liturgical movement’s goal of uniting the intelligent, active participation of the lay faithful with worship in the Roman Catholic tradition.

Katharine E. Harmon, Ph.D.

Harmon is a currently a lecturer in Theology at Marian University in Indianapolis, IN. She earned her doctorate in theology from the University of Notre Dame and is a member of the North American Academy of Liturgy. She is the author of There Were Also Many Women There: Lay Women in the Liturgical Movement in the United States, 1926-59.

The lectures are presented in conjunction with the exhibition "Adé Bethune: The Power of One Person" at the Catherine G. Murphy Gallery through December 19, 2014. The exhibition draws from items in the University's Adé Bethune Collection and each speaker has used the Collection for their research.

Co–sponsors of the lecture series are: the Myser Initiative on Catholic Identity; Sisters of St. Joseph of Carondelet, St. Paul Province; Alumnae Council Lifelong Learning Committee and Friends of the Catherine G. Murphy Gallery.

For more information about the exhibition and lecture series see http://www.stkate.edu/gallery/14-15/ade_bethune.php

Adé Bethune Exhibit Part of Fall Art Tour

This Saturday October 4th the Associated Colleges of the Twin Cities (ACTC) is sponsoring the 11th Annual Fall Art Tour. The Catherine G. Murphy Gallery at St. Kate’s will be one of ten stops on the tour. Adé Bethune: The Power of One Person, an exhibit featuring the works of renowned liturgical artist and social activist Adé Bethune, is currently on view in the east wing of the Catherine G. Murphy Gallery; Near and Far Contemporary Landscape Paintings is on view in the west gallery. Participating galleries will offer guided tours, refreshments and live music.

For more information on the Fall Art Tour, visit:

http://actc-mn.org/programs/college-art-gallery-collaborative/
http://news.stkate.edu/articles/actc-fall-arts-2014

For more information on Adé Bethune: The Power of One Person, visit:

http://www.stkate.edu/gallery/14-15/ade_bethune.php
http://www.pinterest.com/stkateslibrary/ad%C3%A9-bethune-the-power-of-one-person/

Adé Bethune Lecture Series: Dr. Julia Upton Lecture

Dr. Julia Upton (center) with Catherine G. Murphy Gallery Director Kathy Daniels (left) and St. Catherine University Archivist and exhibition Curator Deborah Kloiber (right).

Image from http://www.catholicworker.org/bethune.htm

The Adé Bethune lecture series commenced last week with a talk by Dr. Julia Upton, RSM, of St. John's University in New York.  Dr. Upton’s talk focused on themes highlighted in the exhibit, Adé Bethune: The Power of One Person, currently on view at the Catherine G. Murphy Gallery.

Dr. Upton shared her favorite portraits of Bethune, including the one at right, and discussed her importance as a "wisdom figure who lived a life worth emulating."  She gave a biographical background of Bethune, from her aristocratic origins in Belgium, her family's emigration to New York City in 1928, to her meeting with Dorothy Day and her subsequent work for The Catholic Worker. 

Dr. Upton’s lecture featured slides of places that were important in Bethune’s formative years, including her childhood home in Brussels, which is located across the street from the church where Bethune attended mass daily with her grandfather.  Dr. Upton suggested that Bethune’s religious devotion may have been a result of growing up quite literally in the shadow of her neighborhood church in Brussels.  She showed a photo she took from the back yard of Bethune’s childhood home in which the dome of the church looms over the roof of the house.

Dr. Upton also highlighted Bethune’s significant artistic legacy, including her work as a liturgical designer. She explained how Bethune used volunteers from the local community to help with her commission at the Church of St. Paulinus in Clairton, Pennsylvania.  Bethune drew figures of various saints in the panel paintings of the church sanctuary and had volunteers assist with filling the colors in.

Professor Upton described Bethune as a "feisty woman" whose temperament made her an effective advocate for the social causes she championed in Newport, such as affordable housing for the elderly.  She discussed Harbor House, the intentional community for the elderly Bethune planned, which was completed in 2002.

Dr. Upton is the author of six books, including one forthcoming about Adé Bethune.

For more information about the exhibit and the accompanying lecture series, visit:
http://www.stkate.edu/gallery/14-15/ade_bethune.php

Adé Bethune Lecture: Dr. Julia A. Upton, Sept 18, 6:30 pm

"The Work and Works of Mercy: Learning from Catholic Worker Artist Adé Bethune"

Thursday, September 18
6:30 p.m.
Visual Arts Building lecture hall

This is the first in a series of lectures celebrating the centennial of liturgical artist, writer, and social activist Adé Bethune (1914-2002). Upton explores the life of Adé Bethune, with focus on her passion for social justice. This passion grew from Bethune's involvement with the Catholic Worker and characterized her whole life. 

The lecture is free and open to the public. A reception will follow.

Image from:
stjohns.digication.com/julia_upton_rsm

Dr. Julia A. Upton, RSM, is Distinguished Professor of Theology at St. John's University in New York. She served as St. John's University's Provost from 2000-2012 and has been a member of the Department of Theology and Religious Studies since 1979. She has published 5 books and numerous articles. Currently Dr. Upton is writing a biography of Adé Bethune.

The lectures are presented in conjunction with the exhibition "Adé Bethune: The Power of One Person" at the Catherine G. Murphy Gallery through December 19, 2014. The exhibition draws from items in the University's Adé Bethune Collection and each speaker has used the Collection for their research.

Co–sponsors of the lecture series are: the Myser Initiative on Catholic Identity; Sisters of St. Joseph of Carondelet, St. Paul Province; Alumnae Council Lifelong Learning Committee and Friends of the Catherine G. Murphy Gallery.

For more information about the exhibition and lecture series see http://www.stkate.edu/gallery/14-15/ade_bethune.php.

Adé Bethune: The Power of One Person

September 8 - December 19, 2014

An exhibition featuring materials from the Adé Bethune Collection began this week at the Catherine G. Murphy Gallery. The show, entitled Adé Bethune: The Power of One Person, commemorates the centennial of artist, writer, and activist Adé Bethune (1914-2002).

The opening reception is Saturday, September 13, 6-8 p.m.

In the 1930s, Bethune gained recognition as an illustrator for The Catholic Worker newspaper. Although she is principally remembered for her involvement with the Catholic Worker, Bethune made significant contributions in other areas, most notably in her role as a liturgical designer and consultant, graphic designer, and community activist.

The exhibit includes a selection of artworks and other materials, which highlight Bethune’s varied interests as an artist and social activist. The show runs from September 8 - December 19, with an opening reception on Saturday, September 13, 6:00 - 8:00 P.M.

University Archivist Deborah Kloiber arranges objects for
display in the Catherine G. Murphy Gallery.

For more information on the exhibit and the accompanying lecture series, visit: http://www.stkate.edu/gallery/14-15/ade_bethune.php

For more information on Adé Bethune, visit:
http://library.stkate.edu/archives/ade-bethune

Ade Bethune Collection: 30 Years

Ade Bethune at the dedication of the
Ade Bethune Collection

This month’s display commemorates the thirtieth anniversary of the Ade Bethune Collection at St. Catherine University.  The Collection was dedicated on May 4, 1984.

Born in 1914, Ade Bethune was a liturgical artist best known for her work as illustrator for the Catholic Worker, a newspaper edited by prominent social activist Dorothy Day.

Bethune’s relationship with St. Kate’s began in 1939, when she was invited to speak at the third annual conference of the Catholic Art Association, held on the St. Paul campus.  She spoke in Jeanne d'Arc auditorium on the topic "Personalism and the Industrial Counter-revolution." Over the years, she formed many enduring relationships with some of the Sisters of St. Joseph of Carondelet, most notably with Sr. Cyril Clare Casey, and  Art Professor Judith Stoughton, CSJ.  Sr. Judith later wrote Proud Donkey of Schaerbeek, a biography of Bethune. Stoughton and several other CSJs were instrumental in persuading Bethune to donate her writings, artworks, and other belongings to the St. Catherine University archives in 1984.

Ade Bethune speaking at the Ade Bethune Collection dedication:

1. To learn more about the Ade Bethune Collection, please visit the St. Catherine University Archives online at http://library.stkate.edu/spcoll/bethune.html. Materials from this collection will be on display during the month of May on the main level of the St. Paul Library, in the case in front of the video carrels. 

Ade Bethune's work in St. Paul

This year marks the centennial of the birth of Ade Bethune, a world-renowned liturgical artist, writer, and social activist. During her long career, Bethune worked as a liturgical design consultant for almost 300 churches in the United States, Canada, Mexico, and the Philippines, two of which can be found in St. Paul.

In 1960 Bethune was hired as the liturgical consultant for the design of St. Leo's Church, now known as Lumen Christi Catholic Community. On display are original sketches, photographs, and a model of the church. Learn how she used two different models of the church to convince the architect to abandon his plan for “eyebrow windows” in favor of her own design.

Lumen Christi Catholic Community,
less than a mile away from St. Kate’s St. Paul campus

Ade Bethune standing beside the mosaic
she designed for the Cathedral of St. Paul

In 1988 Reverend Monsignor Ambrose V. Hayden wrote to Bethune to find out if she would be interested in creating a painting or mosaic for the baptistery of the Cathedral of St. Paul. He had remembered her from a speech she gave at St. Paul Seminary in 1939. It was unusual at the time for a woman to speak on a seminary campus. In fact, up to that point the only other women to speak at the seminary were Dorothy Day and the Baroness Von Trapp. Bethune accepted the commission and designed a mosaic which was then fabricated and installed by Rudolph Rohn Studios. On display are photographs of the mosaic under construction and a beautiful original drawing of the design.

This display will be up during the month of February on the main level of the St. Paul Library, in the case right before the video carrels.

Ade Bethune's Centennial

Marie Adélaïde de Bethune (who became known as Ade Bethune) was born one hundred years ago today--on January 12, 1914.  Throughout 2014 the Archives and Special Collections will be featuring information about Bethune's life and work, including items from the Ade Bethune Collection.  The year will finish with an exhibition of Ade Bethune's work in the Catherine G. Murphy Gallery from September until December.

Ade Bethune, age 3, with her grandfather
Georges, viscount Terlinden

Ade Bethune was born in the Schaerbeek area of Brussels, Belgium. She was the 4th of five children. Six months later World War I broke out and Ade's father, Gaston de Bethune, left to fight with the Belgian army.  Ade did not know her father for the first few years of her life.

While Ade's father was away her mother, Marthe, took the family to live with her father, Georges Terlinden, who was a viscount and attorney general at Belgium's Supreme Court.  During the war both Marthe de Bethune and Ade's older brother, Pierre, distributed copies of the underground newspaper to the members of the resistance. Ade's mother was imprisoned for this and held for a month before being released.

More about Ade Bethune and the Ade Bethune Collection

Saint Nicholas Day

In many parts of Europe today is known as Saint Nicholas Day.

St. Nicholas was a fourth century Greek bishop in Myra (now part of Turkey).  December 6th (or 19th in the Orthodox church) is his feast day because it commemorates the anniversary of his death in 343 AD.  St. Nicholas came to be known as both a patron and protector of children and as a giver of gifts to those in need.  From the legends about his life and the Dutch version of his name, Sinterklaas, came the American Santa Claus.

To the right is a 1959 drawing Ade Bethune made depicting St. Nicholas, shown in his bishop's vestments.  Below is a drawing in the Ade Bethune Collection that Bethune made in 1943.  It illustrates one of the stories told of St. Nicholas.  According to the story three small children became lost and were captured by an evil butcher.  The butcher murdered them and placed them in a pickling tub.  St. Nicholas heard of the children and appealed to God to return them to life.